线性 Kalman 更新公式
Predict
x⁻ₖ = F xₖ₋₁
P⁻ₖ = F Pₖ₋₁ Fᵀ + Q
Innovation
yₖ = zₖ - Hx⁻ₖ
Sₖ = H P⁻ₖ Hᵀ + R
Gain
Kₖ = P⁻ₖ Hᵀ Sₖ⁻¹
Update
xₖ = x⁻ₖ + Kₖyₖ
Pₖ = (I-KH)P⁻ₖ(I-KH)ᵀ + KRKᵀ